鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2019骞村垵绱氳棩甯│椤屻€婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬涓€绔犵反缈�(x铆)椤屽尟绺�

绗竴绔� 鐢熺悊瀛�(xu茅)

绗竴绡€(ji茅) 绱拌優鐨勫熀鏈姛鑳�

涓€銆丄1

1銆侀楠艰倢绱拌優鐨勬敹绺垏浣曠ó闆㈠瓙鍌抽仦鏈夐棞(gu膩n)

A銆侀垼闆㈠瓙

B銆侀垑闆㈠瓙

C銆侀墍闆㈠瓙

D銆佹隘闆㈠瓙

E銆侀巶闆㈠瓙

2銆侀楠艰倢涓兘鑸嘋a2+绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鏄�

A銆佽倢鍕曡泲鐧�

B銆佽倢閳ｈ泲鐧�

C銆佸師鑲岀悆铔嬬櫧

D銆佽倢鍕曡泲鐧藉拰鑲岀悆铔嬬櫧

E銆佽倢鐞冭泲鐧�

3銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庨楠艰倢鏀剁府姗熷埗锛岄尟瑾ょ殑鏄�

A銆佽倢灏忕瘈(ji茅)绺煭

B銆佽倢鍕曡泲鐧借垏姗⿱绲�(ji茅)鍚�

C銆丆a2+鑸囨┇姗嬬祼(ji茅)鍚�

D銆佺窗鑲岀挡鍚戣倢灏忕瘈(ji茅)涓枔婊戣

E銆丄TP鍒嗚В鐐鸿倢鑲夋敹绺仛鍔熸彁渚涜兘閲�

4銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庣祩鏉块浕浣嶇殑鏁樿堪锛屾纰虹殑鏄�

A銆佽〃鐝�(xi脿n)“鍏ㄦ垨鐒�”鐗规€�

B銆佸叿鏈夊眬閮ㄨ垐濂壒寰�

C銆佹湁涓嶆噳(y墨ng)鏈�

D銆佹槸鐢盋a2+鍏�(n猫i)娴佺敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑

E銆佸箙搴﹁垏涔欓叞鑶藉牽閲嬫斁閲忕劇闂�(gu膩n)

5銆佸垎甯冧簬楠ㄩ鑲岀祩鏉胯啘涓婄殑鍙楅珨鏄�

A銆�α鍙楅珨

B銆�γ鍙楅珨

C銆丮鍙楅珨

D銆丯鍙楅珨

E銆�β鍙楅珨

6銆侀楠艰倢鑸堝ギ鏀剁府鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍥犲瓙鏄�

A銆並+

B銆丯a+

C銆丆l-

D銆丆a2+

E銆丮g2+

7銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庝腑妯炵缍�(j墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏�(n猫i)锛岀缍�(j墨ng)鍏冧箣闁撹垐濂€у寲瀛�(xu茅)鍌抽仦閬庣▼涓�锛屾弿杩颁笉姝ｇ⒑鐨勬槸

A銆佷笉琛版笡

B銆佸柈鍚戝偝鎾�

C銆佹槗鐤插嫗

D銆佸皪鍏�(n猫i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭畩鍖栨晱鎰�

E銆佷腑妯炲欢鎿�

8銆佸湪鍙楅珨-G铔嬬櫧-Ac閫斿緫涓�锛岃璀界偤“绗竴淇′娇”鐨勬槸

A銆丏G

B銆佹縺绱�

C銆丏NA

D銆乼RNA

E銆両P3

9銆佺窗鑳炵殑璺ㄨ啘淇¤櫉杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)涓嶅寘鎷�

A銆侀叾鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)閫斿緫

B銆侀洟瀛愬彈楂斾粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)閫斿緫

C銆佽啘鍙楅珨-G铔嬬櫧-Ac浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)閫斿緫

D銆佽啘鍙楅珨-G铔嬬櫧-PLC-浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)閫斿緫

E銆佽啘绯栭張浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)閫斿緫

10銆佸彈楂�-G铔嬬櫧-Ac閫斿緫涓綔鐐虹涓€淇′娇鐨勬槸

A銆佸収(n猫i)鍥犲瓙

B銆佹縺绱�

C銆佸熀鍥�

D銆佺挵(hu谩n)纾烽吀鑵鸿嫹

E銆佽泲鐧芥縺閰�

11銆佸嫊浣滈浕浣嶇殑鍘绘サ鐩镐富瑕佹槸

A銆並+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�

B銆丯a+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�

C銆丆a2+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�

D銆丮g2+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�

E銆並+鍜孨a+閬斿埌骞宠　

12銆佸績瀹よ倢鍕曚綔闆讳綅“0”鏈熷幓妤靛寲涓昏鏄敱浜�

A銆並+澶栨祦

B銆並+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

C銆丯a+澶栨祦

D銆丯a+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

E銆丆a2+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

13銆侀潨鎭浕浣嶇浉鐣朵簬

A銆並+澶栨祦

B銆並+骞宠　闆讳綅

C銆丯a+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

D銆丯a+骞宠　闆讳綅

E銆丆a2+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

14銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庡嫊浣滈浕浣嶇壒榛炵殑鏁樿堪锛岄尟瑾ょ殑鏄�

A銆佸彲娌胯啘鍚戝叐绔偝灏�(d菐o)

B銆佸嫊浣滈浕浣嶅箙搴﹂毃鍒烘縺寮峰害澧炲ぇ鑰屽澶�

C銆佸嫊浣滈浕浣嶅箙搴︿笉闅ㄥ偝灏�(d菐o)璺濋洟澧炲ぇ鑰屾笡灏�

D銆侀€ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勫鍊嬪嫊浣滈浕浣嶄笉鏈冪附鍜�

E銆佸嫊浣滈浕浣嶇殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻垏绱拌優鑸堝ギ鎬ф湁闂�(gu膩n)

15銆佺暥璺ㄨ啘闆讳綅閬斿埌K+骞宠　闆讳綅鏅�

A銆佽啘鍏╁伌(c猫)闆讳綅姊害鐐洪浂

B銆佽啘鍏�(n猫i)杓冭啘澶栭浕浣嶇浉灏嶈純姝�

C銆佽啘鍏╁伌(c猫)K+婵冨害姊害鐐洪浂

D銆佽啘澶朘+婵冨害澶т簬鑶滃収(n猫i)

E銆佽啘鍏�(n猫i)鍋�(c猫)K+鐨勫噲澶栨祦鐐洪浂

16銆佽垏绁炵稉(j墨ng)绱拌優鍕曚綔闆讳綅涓婂崌鏀�(鍘绘サ鐩�)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勪富瑕侀洟瀛愭槸

A銆並+

B銆丯a+

C銆丆l-

D銆丆a2+

E銆丮g2+

17銆佺窗鑳炶啘閫氶亷鏈韩鐨勮€楄兘锛屽湪铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫公鍔╀笅锛屼娇鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐢辫啘鐨勪綆婵冨害鍋�(c猫)鍚戦珮婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑閬庣▼锛岀ū

A銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

B銆侀€氶亾涓粙鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

C銆佽級楂斾腑浠嬬殑鏄撳寲鎿存暎

D銆佷富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

E銆佸嚭鑳炲拰鍏ヨ優浣滅敤

18銆佺稉(j墨ng)杓夐珨鏄撳寲鎿存暎鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)

A銆丯a+

B銆丆a2+

C銆丆O2

D銆佽憽钀勭硸

E銆佸翱绱�

19銆佹哀姘ｇ殑璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮€斿緫鏄�

A銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

B銆佸師鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

C銆佺辜鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

D銆佺稉(j墨ng)杓夐珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�

E銆佺稉(j墨ng)閫氶亾鑶滆泲鐧戒粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�

20銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庡畬鎴愮窗鑳炶法鑶滀俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨勬晿杩�锛岄尟瑾ょ殑鏄�

A銆佸彲閫氶亷闆㈠瓙閫氶亾瀹屾垚杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)

B銆佸彲閫氶亷閳夋车瀹屾垚杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)

C銆佸彲閫氶亷G铔嬬櫧鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨瀹屾垚杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)

D銆佸彲閫氶亷槌ヨ嫹閰哥挵(hu谩n)鍖栭叾鍙楅珨瀹屾垚杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)

E銆佸彲閫氶亷閰皑閰告縺閰跺彈楂斿畬鎴愯綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)

21銆丯a+璺ㄧ窗鑳炶啘闋嗘績搴︽搴︾殑杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫柟寮忔槸

A銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

B銆佹槗鍖栨摯鏁�

C銆佷富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

D銆佽級楂斿崝(xi茅)鍔�

E銆侀洟瀛愭车杞�(zhu菐n)閬�

22銆佷笅鍒楅棞(gu膩n)浜庨垑娉电殑鏁樿堪锛岄尟瑾ょ殑鏄�

A銆佹槸閼插祵鍦ㄨ啘涓婄殑鐗规畩铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)

B銆佸叿鏈堿TP閰剁殑浣滅敤

C銆佸彲閫嗘績搴﹀樊锛屼富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬婲a+鍜孠+

D銆佸皣绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)K+娉靛嚭锛屽皣鑶滃鐨凬a+娉靛叆

E銆佸彲缍寔鑶滃収(n猫i)澶朜a+ 銆並 +鐨勪笉鍧囧嫽鍒嗗竷

23銆佺窗鑳炶啘绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬恫鎱�(t脿i)閼插祵妯″瀷浠�

A銆佹牳绯栭洐鍒嗗瓙灞ょ偤鍩烘灦

B銆佸柈绯栭洐鍒嗗瓙灞ょ偤鍩烘灦

C銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)闆欏垎瀛愬堡鐐哄熀鏋�

D銆佽剛璩�(zh矛)闆欏垎瀛愬堡鐐哄熀鏋�

E銆佽喗鍥洪唶闆欏垎瀛愬堡鐐哄熀鏋�

24銆侀€氶亷鍠磾鎿存暎姗熷埗閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滅殑鏄�

A銆佹哀姘�

B銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)

C銆佹皑鍩洪吀

D銆佽憽钀勭硸

E銆佹隘闆㈠瓙

25銆佸付闆婚洟瀛愮殑璺ㄨ啘绉诲嫊灞簬

A銆佸叆鑳�

B銆佸嚭鑳�

C銆佽級楂斾粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

D銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

E銆侀€氶亾浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

26銆佽憽钀勭硸鍦ㄥ皬鑵搁粡鑶滈噸鍚告敹鐨凬a+-钁¤悇绯栬綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮亷绋嬪爆浜�

A銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

B銆佸師鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

C銆佺辜鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

D銆侀€氶亾浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

E銆佽級楂斾粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

27銆侀洟瀛愰爢闆�-鍖栧(xu茅)姊害閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滃爆浜�

A銆佸柈绱旀摯鏁�

B銆佸師鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

C銆佺辜鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

D銆佽級楂斾粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

E銆侀€氶亾浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�

28銆佺窗鑳炶啘鍏�(n猫i)澶栨甯哥殑Na+鍜孠+婵冨害宸殑褰㈡垚鍜岀董鎸佹槸鐢变簬

A銆佽啘鍦ㄥ畨闈滄檪灏岾+閫氶€忔€уぇ

B銆佽啘鍦ㄥ畨闈滄檪灏峃a+閫氶€忔€уぇ

C銆丯a+銆並+鏄撳寲鎿存暎鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�

D銆佽啘涓奛a+-K+娉电殑浣滅敤

E銆佽啘鑸堝ギ鏅傚皪Na+閫氶€忔€у鍔�

29銆佷緷闈犲柈绱旀摯鏁ｉ€氶亷绱拌優鑶滅殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏄�

A銆佹皑鍩洪吀

B銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)

C銆佽憽钀勭硸

D銆丯a+銆並+銆丆a2+绛夐洟瀛�

E銆丱2銆丆O2銆丯2銆佸翱绱�銆佷箼閱�

浜�銆丅

1銆丄.閶掗浕浣�

B.闁鹃浕浣�

C.闈滄伅闆讳綅

D.灞€閮ㄩ浕浣�

E.鍕曚綔闆讳綅

<1> 銆佺祩鏉块浕浣嶆槸

A B C D E

<2> 銆佽垐濂€х獊瑙稿悗闆讳綅鏄�

A B C D E

2銆丄.K+澶栨祦

B.K+骞宠　闆讳綅

C.Na+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

D.Na+骞宠　闆讳綅

E.Ca2+鍏�(n猫i)娴�

<3> 銆侀潨鎭浕浣嶇浉鐣朵簬

A B C D E

<4> 銆侀嫆闆讳綅涓婂崌鏀殑褰㈡垚鏄敱浜�

A B C D E

3銆丄.闁鹃浕浣�

B.闁惧埡婵€

C.鍕曚綔闆讳綅

D.闈滄伅闆讳綅

E.灞€閮ㄩ浕浣�

<5> 銆佺窗鑳炶垐濂殑妯欏織

A B C D E

<6> 銆佺祩鏉块浕浣嶅爆浜�

A B C D E

4銆丄.鍠磾鎿存暎

B.鏄撳寲鎿存暎

C.鍑鸿優浣滅敤

D.鍘熺櫦(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

E.绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

<7> 銆佹按鍒嗗瓙鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�

A B C D E

<8> 銆佹皑鍩洪吀鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�

A B C D E

<9> 銆丯a+-H+浜ゆ彌

A B C D E

绛旀閮ㄥ垎

涓€銆丄1

1銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� A

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 楠ㄩ鑲岃垐濂�-鏀剁府鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鐨勫熀鏈亷绋嬪皣鑲岀窗鑳炶啘涓婄殑闆昏垐濂垏鑳炲収(n猫i)姗熸鎬ф敹绺亷绋嬭伅(li谩n)绯昏捣渚嗙殑涓粙姗熷埗锛岀ū鐐鸿垐濂�-鏀剁府鑰﹁伅(li谩n)銆傚叾閬庣▼鏄細鑲岀窗鑳炶啘鍕曚綔闆讳綅閫氶亷姗绯荤当(t菕ng)鍌冲悜鑲岀窗鑳炴繁铏�锛屾縺娲绘┇绠¤啘涓婄殑L鍨婥a2+閫氶亾;L鍨婥a2+閫氶亾璁婃(g貌u)锛屾縺娲婚€ｆ帴鑲屾伎缍�(w菐ng)鑶滀笂鐨凜a2+閲嬫斁閫氶亾锛岄噵鏀綜a2+鍏ヨ優璩�(zh矛);鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍏�(n猫i)Ca2+婵冨害鍗囬珮淇冧娇绱拌倢绲蹭笂鑲岄垼铔嬬櫧鑸嘋a2+绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屼娇鍘熻倢鍑濊泲鐧界櫦(f膩)鐢熸(g貌u)鍨嬭畩鍖栵紝鏆撮湶鍑虹窗鑲岀挡鑲屽嫊铔嬬櫧鑸囨┇姗嬬祼(ji茅)鍚堟椿鍖栦綅榛�锛岃倢鍕曡泲鐧借垏绮楄倢绲茶倢鐞冭泲鐧界殑姗⿱闋儴绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽紩璧疯倢鑲夋敹绺�銆傝垐濂�-鏀剁府鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍥犲瓙鏄疌a2+銆�

2銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 姣忓€嬭倢閳ｈ泲鐧藉垎瀛愬彲绲�(ji茅)鍚�4鍊婥a2+锛屽苟閫氶亷妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑鏀硅畩鍟熷嫊鏀剁府閬庣▼銆�

3銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� C

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� C鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鑲屽嫊铔嬬櫧鑸囨┇姗嬬祼(ji茅)鍚�

鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍏�(n猫i)Ca2+婵冨害鍗囬珮淇冧娇绱拌倢绲蹭笂鑲岄垼铔嬬櫧鑸嘋a2+绲�(ji茅)鍚堬紝浣垮師鑲屽嚌铔嬬櫧鐧�(f膩)鐢熸(g貌u)鍨嬭畩鍖�锛屾毚闇插嚭绱拌倢绲茶倢鍕曡泲鐧借垏姗⿱绲�(ji茅)鍚堟椿鍖栦綅榛烇紝鑲屽嫊铔嬬櫧鑸囩矖鑲岀挡鑲岀悆铔嬬櫧鐨勬┇姗嬮牠閮ㄧ祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岄€犳垚姗⿱闋儴妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑鏀硅畩锛岄€氶亷姗⿱鐨勬摵鍕�锛屾嫋鍕曠窗鑲岀挡鍚戣倢灏忕瘈(ji茅)涓枔婊戣锛岃倢绡€(ji茅)绺煭锛岃倢鑲夋敹绺�銆傛┇姗婣TP閰跺垎瑙TP锛岀偤鑲岃倝鏀剁府鍋氬姛鎻愪緵鑳介噺;鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍏�(n猫i)Ca2+婵冨害鍗囬珮婵€娲昏倢璩�(zh矛)缍�(w菐ng)鑶滀笂鐨勯垼娉碉紝閳ｆ车灏嘋a2+鍥炴敹鍏ヨ倢璩�(zh矛)缍�(w菐ng)锛屼娇鑳炶唱(zh矛)涓垼婵冨害闄嶄綆锛岃倢鑲夎垝寮点€�

4銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绲傛澘闆讳綅鏄眬閮ㄩ浕浣嶏紝鍙€氶亷闆荤穵寮垫椿鍕曚娇閯拌繎鑲岀窗鑳炶啘鍘绘サ鍖�锛岄仈闁鹃浕浣嶈€屾毚鐧�(f膩)鍕曚綔闆讳綅锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鐐鸿倢绱拌優鐨勮垐濂�銆�

5銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绁炵稉(j墨ng)-鑲屾帴闋垎鐐烘帴闋墠鑶�銆佹帴闋枔闅欏拰鎺ラ牠鍚庤啘(鎴栫祩鏉胯啘)锛岀祩鏉胯啘涓婄殑鍙楅珨灞簬鑶藉牽鑳藉彈楂斾腑鐨凬鍙楅珨銆�

6銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鑸堝ギ鏀剁府鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍥犲瓙鏄疌a2+

7銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� A

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绁炵稉(j墨ng)-楠ㄩ鑲屾帴闋檿鐨勮垐濂偝閬炴槸閫氶亷绁炵稉(j墨ng)鏈ⅱ閲嬫斁ACh閫欑ó鍖栧(xu茅)鍌抽仦閫茶鐨勩€傛墍浠ュ爆浜庡寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬у偝閬�銆�

绁炵稉(j墨ng)鑲岃倝鎺ラ牠铏曠殑鑸堝ギ鍌抽仦鐗瑰緛鏈変笁鍊嬶細涓€鏄柈鍚戞€�銆佷簩鏄檪闁撳欢鎿�銆佷笁鏄槗鍙楃挵(hu谩n)澧冪瓑鍥犵礌鐨勫奖闊�銆�

8銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍙楅珨-G铔嬬櫧-Ac閫斿緫锛氭縺绱犵偤绗竴淇′娇锛屽付钁楀収(n猫i)銆佸鐣岀挵(hu谩n)澧冭畩鍖栫殑淇℃伅锛屼綔鐢ㄤ簬闈剁窗鑳炶啘涓婄殑鐩告噳(y墨ng)鍙楅珨锛岀稉(j墨ng)G铔嬬櫧鑰﹁伅(li谩n)锛屾縺娲昏啘鍏�(n猫i)鑵鸿嫹閰哥挵(hu谩n)鍖栭叾(Ac)锛屽湪Mg2+浣滅敤涓嬶紝鍌寲ATP杞�(zhu菐n)璁�?y艒u)姒刪(hu谩n)纾烽吀鑵鸿嫹(cAMP)銆傜窗鑳炲収(n猫i)鐢熸垚鐨刢AMP浣滅偤绗簩淇′娇锛屾縺娲籧AMP渚濊炒鐨勮泲鐧芥縺閰�(pKa)锛岄€茶€屽偓鍖栫窗鑳炲収(n猫i)澶氱ó搴曠墿纾烽吀鍖�锛屾渶鍚庡皫(d菐o)鑷寸窗鑳炵櫦(f膩)鐢熺敓鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽绱拌優鐨勫垎娉屻€佽倢绱拌優鐨勬敹绺�銆佺窗鑳炶啘閫氶€忔€ф敼璁�锛屼互鍙婄窗鑳炲収(n猫i)鍚勭ó閰朵績鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夈€�

9銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 璺ㄨ啘淇¤櫉杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨勮矾寰戝ぇ鑷村垎鐐篏-铔嬬櫧鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)銆侀洟瀛愰€氶亾鍙楅珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鍜岄叾鑰﹁伅(li谩n)鍙楅珨浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勪俊铏熻綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)涓夐銆�

10銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 婵€绱犵偤绗竴淇′娇锛屽付钁楀収(n猫i)澶栫晫鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭畩鍖栫殑淇℃伅锛屼綔鐢ㄤ簬闈剁窗鑳炶啘涓婄殑鐩告噳(y墨ng)鍙楅珨锛岀稉(j墨ng)G-铔嬬櫧鑰﹁伅(li谩n)锛屾縺娲昏啘鍏�(n猫i)鑵鸿嫹閰哥挵(hu谩n)鍖栭叾(Ac)锛屽湪Mg2+浣滅敤涓�锛屽偓鍖朅TP杞�(zhu菐n)璁�?y艒u)姒刪(hu谩n)纾烽吀鑵鸿嫹(cAMP)锛屽墖绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)鐨刢AMP浣滅偤绗簩淇′娇锛屾縺娲籧AMP渚濊炒鐨勮泲鐧芥縺閰�(PKA)锛岄€茶€屽偓鍖栫窗鑳炲収(n猫i)澶氱ó搴曠墿纾烽吀鍖�锛屾渶鍚庡皫(d菐o)鑷寸窗鑳炵櫦(f膩)鐢熺敓鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽绱拌優鐨勫垎娉岋紝鑲岀窗鑳炵殑鏀剁府锛岀窗鑳炶啘閫氶€忔€ф敼璁�锛屼互鍙婄窗鑳炲収(n猫i)鍚勭ó閰朵績鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛�銆�

11銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍕曚綔闆讳綅鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熸鍒讹細鍕曚綔闆讳綅涓婂崌鏀舰鎴愭槸鐣剁窗鑳炲彈鍒伴柧鍒烘縺鏅�锛屽厛寮曡捣灏戦噺Na+閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛孨a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佷娇鑶滃幓妤靛寲閬旈柧闆讳綅锛屾鏅傚ぇ閲廚a+閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛岀稉(j墨ng)Na+杩呴€熷収(n猫i)娴佺殑鍐嶇敓鎬у惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛屽紩璧疯啘蹇€熷幓妤靛寲锛屼娇鑶滃収(n猫i)闆讳綅杩呴€熷崌楂�銆傜暥Na+鍏�(n猫i)娴佺殑鍕曞姏(婵冨害宸拰闈滄伅闆讳綅宸�)鑸囬樆鍔�(鐢盢a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佸舰鎴愯啘鍏�(n猫i)鐐烘锛岃啘澶栫偤璨犵殑闆讳綅宸�)閬斿埌骞宠　鏅�锛孨a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佸仠姝�锛屾鏅傚瓨鍦ㄤ簬鑶滃収(n猫i)銆佸鐨勯浕浣嶅樊鍗虫槸Na+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�銆傚嫊浣滈浕浣嶇殑鍘绘サ鐩镐富瑕佹槸Na+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�銆�

12銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍕曚綔闆讳綅鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熸鍒讹細鍕曚綔闆讳綅涓婂崌鏀舰鎴�锛屾槸鐣剁窗鑳炲彈鍒伴柧鍒烘縺鏅傦紝鍏堝紩璧峰皯閲廚a+閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛孨a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佷娇鑶滃幓妤靛寲閬旈柧闆讳綅锛屾鏅傚ぇ閲廚a+閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛岀稉(j墨ng)Na+杩呴€熷収(n猫i)娴佺殑鍐嶇敓鎬у惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛屽紩璧疯啘蹇€熷幓妤靛寲锛屼娇鑶滃収(n猫i)闆讳綅杩呴€熷崌楂�銆傜暥Na+鍏�(n猫i)娴佺殑鍕曞姏(婵冨害宸拰闈滄伅闆讳綅宸�)鑸囬樆鍔�(鐢盢a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佸舰鎴愯啘鍏�(n猫i)鐐烘锛岃啘澶栫偤璨犵殑闆讳綅宸�)閬斿埌骞宠　鏅�锛孨a+鍏�(n猫i)娴佸仠姝�锛屾鏅傚瓨鍦ㄤ簬鑶滃収(n猫i)澶栫殑闆讳綅宸嵆鏄疦a+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�銆傚嫊浣滈浕浣嶇殑鍘绘サ鐩镐富瑕佹槸Na+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�銆備汉宸ュ鍔犵窗鑳炲娑睳a+婵冨害锛屽嫊浣滈浕浣嶈秴灏勫€煎澶�;鎳�(y墨ng)鐢∟a+閫氶亾鐗圭暟鎬ч樆鏂峰姂娌宠睔姣�(TTX)锛屽嫊浣滈浕浣嶄笉鍐嶇敘(ch菐n)鐢�銆傚嫊浣滈浕浣嶄笅闄嶆敮鐨勫舰鎴愶紝鏄敱浜庨垑閫氶亾鐐哄揩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫氶亾锛屾縺娲诲悗寰堝揩澶辨椿锛岄毃鍚庤啘涓婄殑闆诲闁€鎺+閫氶亾闁嬫斁锛孠+闋嗘績搴︽搴﹀揩閫熷娴�锛屼娇鑶滃収(n猫i)闆讳綅鐢辨璁婅矤锛岃繀閫熸仮寰�(f霉)鍒伴潨鎭浕浣嶆按骞�銆�

13銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 闈滄伅闆讳綅鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑姊濅欢鏈夊叐鍊嬶紝涓€鏄垑娉垫椿鍕曢€犳垚鐨勭窗鑳炶啘鍏�(n猫i)銆佸Na+鍜孠+鐨勪笉鍧囧嫽鍒嗗竷;浜屾槸闈滄伅鏅傜窗鑳炶啘涓昏灏岾+鍏锋湁涓€瀹氱殑閫氶€忔€э紝K+閫氶亾闁嬫斁銆侹+鍙楁績搴﹀樊鐨勯﹨(q奴)鍕曠敱鑶滃収(n猫i)鍚戣啘澶栨摯鏁�锛屽舰鎴愯啘澶栫偤姝�锛岃啘鍏�(n猫i)鐐鸿矤鐨勮法鑶滈浕浣嶅樊銆傝┎闆讳綅宸舰鎴愮殑椹�(q奴)鍕曞姏鑸囨績搴﹀樊鐨勯﹨(q奴)鍕曞姏鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽锛屾垚鐐篕+閫蹭竴姝ヨ法鑶滄摯鏁ｇ殑闃诲姏锛岀洿鑷抽浕浣嶅樊椹�(q奴)鍕曞姏澧炲姞鍒扮瓑浜庢績搴﹀樊椹�(q奴)鍕曞姏鏅�锛孠+鐨勭Щ鍕曢仈鍒板钩琛�锛屾鏅傜殑璺ㄨ啘闆讳綅绋辩偤K+骞宠　闆讳綅銆傚畨闈滅媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑鑶滃彧灏岾+鏈夐€氶€忔€�锛屽洜姝ら潨鎭浕浣嶅氨鐩哥暥浜嶬+骞宠　闆讳綅銆�

14銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍕曚綔闆讳綅鐨勭壒榛炴槸锛氣憼鍏锋湁“鍏ㄦ垨鐒�”鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屽嵆鍕曚綔闆讳綅鐨勫箙搴︿笉闅ㄥ埡婵€寮峰害鐨勫澶ц€屽澶�;鈶′笉琛版笡鎬у偝灏�(d菐o);鈶㈢浉绻肩敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍕曚綔闆讳綅涓嶇櫦(f膩)鐢熼噸鍚堢附鍜�銆�

15銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� K+鍙楁績搴﹀樊鐨勯﹨(q奴)鍕曠敱鑶滃収(n猫i)鍚戣啘澶栨摯鏁�锛屽舰鎴愯啘澶栫偤姝�锛岃啘鍏�(n猫i)鐐鸿矤鐨勮法鑶滈浕浣嶅樊銆傞€欏€嬮浕浣嶅樊闃绘K+閫蹭竴姝ュ娴�锛岀暥淇冧娇K+澶栨祦婵冨害宸拰闃绘K+澶栨祦鐨勯浕浣嶅樊閫欏叐绋浉浜掑皪鎶楃殑鍔涢噺鐩哥瓑鏅傦紝K+澶栨祦鍋滄銆傝啘鍏�(n猫i)澶栭浕浣嶅樊渚跨董鎸佸湪涓€鍊嬬┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屽嵆闈滄伅闆讳綅銆傚畨闈滅媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑鑶滃彧灏岾+鏈夐€氶€忔€э紝鍥犳闈滄伅闆讳綅灏辩浉鐣朵簬K+骞宠　闆讳綅銆�

16銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍕曚綔闆讳綅涓婂崌鏀�(鍘绘サ鐩�)涓昏鏄疦a+鐨勫钩琛￠浕浣�銆�

17銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 涓诲嫊杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬶細鏄敱闆㈠瓙娉靛拰杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬮珨鑶滆泲鐧戒粙灏�(d菐o)鐨勬秷鑰楄兘閲�銆侀€嗘績搴︽搴﹀拰闆讳綅姊害鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬶紝鍒嗗師鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬪拰绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆�

18銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 缍�(j墨ng)杓夐珨铔嬬櫧鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁ｆ槸鎸囪憽钀勭硸銆佹皑鍩洪吀銆佹牳鑻烽吀绛夐噸瑕佺嚐椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍊熷姪杓夐珨铔嬬櫧闋嗘績搴︽搴﹁法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑閬庣▼;

19銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� A

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍠磾鎿存暎锛氭槸涓€绋啊鍠殑鐗╃悊鎿存暎锛屽嵆鑴傛憾鎬ч珮鍜屽垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)寰炶啘鐨勯珮婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鍚戜綆婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)璺ㄨ啘閬嬪嫊銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏂瑰悜鍜岄€熷害鍙栨焙浜庣墿璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊鍜岃啘灏嶈┎鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯€氶€忔€с€傝剛婧舵€ч珮銆佸垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)瀹规槗閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滆剛璩�(zh矛)闆欏垎瀛愬堡锛屽O2銆丆O2銆丯2銆佷箼閱�銆佸翱绱犲拰姘村垎瀛愮瓑銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏈€绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸浣胯┎鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹂仈鍒板钩琛�銆�

20銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 閳夋车锛屽叏绋遍垑-閴€娉�锛屼篃绋盢a+-K+-ATP閰讹紝涓昏浣滅敤鏄垎瑙TP閲嬫斁鑳介噺锛岄€嗘績搴﹀樊杞�(zhu菐n)閬婲a+鍜孠+ 锛屽爆浜庣墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮€斿緫銆�

21銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� Na+鍊熷姪浜庨€氶亾铔嬬櫧鐨勪粙灏�(d菐o)锛岄爢婵冨害姊害鎴栭浕浣嶆搴︾殑璺ㄨ啘鎿存暎锛岀ū鐐虹稉(j墨ng)閫氶亾铔嬬櫧鐨勬槗鍖栨摯鏁�銆�

22銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 閳夋车锛屼篃绋盢a+-K+-ATP閰�锛屾瘡鍒嗚В涓€鍊婣TP鍒嗗瓙锛岄€嗘績搴﹀樊绉诲嚭3鍊婲a+锛屽悓鏅傜Щ鍏�2鍊婯+锛屼互閫犳垚鍜岀董鎸佺窗鑳炲収(n猫i)楂楰+鍜岀窗鑳炲楂楴a+婵冨害銆�

23銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鏍规摎(j霉)鑶滅祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬恫鎱�(t脿i)閼插祵妯″瀷锛岃獚鐐鸿啘鏄互娑叉厠(t脿i)鐨勮剛璩�(zh矛)闆欏垎瀛愬堡鐐哄熀鏋讹紝鍏堕枔閼插祵钁楄ū澶氬叿鏈変笉鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳界殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮兘鑸囬懖宓屽湪鑶滀笂鐨勯€欎簺鐗规畩铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆�

24銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� A

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍠磾鎿存暎锛氭槸涓€绋啊鍠殑鐗╃悊鎿存暎锛屽嵆鑴傛憾鎬ч珮鍜屽垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐢辫啘鐨勯珮婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鍚戜綆婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鐨勮法鑶滈亱鍕�銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏂瑰悜鍜岄€熷害鍙栨焙浜庣墿璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊鍜岃啘灏嶈┎鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯€氶€忔€с€傝剛婧舵€ч珮銆佸垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)瀹规槗閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滆剛璩�(zh矛)闆欏堡锛屽O2銆丆O2銆丯2銆佷箼閱�銆佸翱绱犲拰姘村垎瀛愮瓑銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏈€绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸瑭茬墿璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊娑堝け銆�

25銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 缍�(j墨ng)閫氶亾鏄撳寲鎿存暎鎸囨憾娑蹭腑鐨凬a+銆丆l-銆丆a 2+銆並+绛夊付闆婚洟瀛�锛屽€熷姪閫氶亾铔嬬櫧鐨勪粙灏�(d菐o)锛岄爢婵冨害姊害鎴栭浕浣嶆搴﹁法鑶滄摯鏁ｃ€�

26銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� C

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬶細瑷卞鐗╄唱(zh矛)閫嗘績搴︽搴︽垨闆讳綅姊害璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫檪锛屾墍闇€鑳介噺涓嶇洿鎺ヤ締鑷狝TP鍒嗚В锛岃€屾槸渚嗚嚜鐢盢a+娉靛埄鐢ㄥ垎瑙TP閲嬫斁鐨勮兘閲忥紝鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)寤虹珛鐨凬a+婵冨害鍕㈣兘宸�锛岄€欑ó闁撴帴鍒╃敤ATP鑳介噺鐨勪富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮亷绋嬬ū鐐虹辜鐧�(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆傚叾姗熷埗鏄竴绋ū鐐鸿綁(zhu菐n)閬嬮珨鐨勮啘铔嬬櫧锛屽埄鐢ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)Na+婵冨害姊害瀹屾垚鐨勮法鑶滆綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆傚琚綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鑸嘚a+閮藉悜鍚屼竴鏂瑰悜閬嬪嫊锛岀ū鐐哄悓鍚戣綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屽钁¤悇绯栧湪灏忚吀榛忚啘閲嶅惛鏀剁殑Na+-钁¤悇绯栧悓鍚戣綁(zhu菐n)閬�銆傚琚綁(zhu菐n)閬嬬殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鑸嘚a+褰兼鍚戠浉鍙嶆柟鍚戦亱鍕曪紝鍓囩ū鐐哄弽鍚戣綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛屽绱拌優鏅亶瀛樺湪鐨凬a+-H+浜ゆ彌鍜孨a+-Ca2+浜ゆ彌銆�

27銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 缍�(j墨ng)閫氶亾鏄撳寲鎿存暎鎸囨憾娑蹭腑鐨凬a+銆丆l-銆丆a2+銆並+绛夊付闆婚洟瀛愶紝鍊熷姪閫氶亾铔嬬櫧鐨勪粙灏�(d菐o)锛岄爢婵冨害姊害鎴栭浕浣嶆搴﹁法鑶滄摯鏁�銆�

28銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍦ㄥ摵涔冲嫊鐗╃窗鑳炶啘涓婃櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑闆㈠瓙娉垫槸閳�-閴€娉碉紝绨＄ū閳夋车锛屼篃绋盢a+-K+-ATP閰�銆傞垑娉垫瘡鍒嗚В1鍒嗗瓙ATP鍙皣3鍊婲a+绉诲嚭鑳炲锛屽悓鏅傚皣2鍊婯+绉诲叆鑳炲収(n猫i)锛岀敱姝ら€犳垚绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)K+鐨勬績搴︾磩鐐虹窗鑳炲娑蹭腑鐨�30鍊�锛岃€岀窗鑳炲娑蹭腑鐨凬a+鐨勬績搴︾磩鐐鸿優璩�(zh矛)涓殑10鍊�銆�

29銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鍠磾鎿存暎锛氭槸涓€绋啊鍠殑鐗╃悊鎿存暎锛屽嵆鑴傛憾鎬ч珮鍜屽垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐢辫啘鐨勯珮婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鍚戜綆婵冨害涓€鍋�(c猫)鐨勮法鑶滈亱鍕�銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏂瑰悜鍜岄€熷害鍙栨焙浜庣墿璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊鍜岃啘灏嶈┎鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯€氶€忔€�銆傝剛婧舵€ч珮銆佸垎瀛愰噺灏忕殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)瀹规槗閫氶亷绱拌優鑶滆剛璩�(zh矛)闆欏堡锛屽O2銆丆O2銆丯2銆佷箼閱�銆佸翱绱犲拰姘村垎瀛愮瓑銆傛摯鏁ｇ殑鏈€绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸瑭茬墿璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄨ啘鍏╁伌(c猫)鐨勬績搴﹀樊娑堝け銆�

浜屻€丅

1銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绲傛澘闆讳綅鏄眬閮ㄩ浕浣嶏紝鍙€氶亷闆荤穵寮垫椿鍕曚娇閯拌繎鑲岀窗鑳炶啘鍘绘サ鍖�锛岄仈闁鹃浕浣嶈€屾毚鐧�(f膩)鍕曚綔闆讳綅锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鐐鸿倢绱拌優鐨勮垐濂�銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� D

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 鑸堝ギ鎬х獊瑙稿悗闆讳綅鏄眬閮ㄩ浕浣�銆�

2銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 瀹夐潨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑鑶滃彧灏岾+鏈夐€氶€忔€�锛屽洜姝ら潨鎭浕浣嶅氨鐩哥暥浜嶬+骞宠　闆讳綅銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� C

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 閶掗浕浣嶄笂鍗囨敮鏄敱Na+鍏�(n猫i)娴佸舰鎴愮殑Na+闆�-鍖栧钩琛￠浕浣�;鑰屼笅闄嶆敮鍓囩敱K+澶栨祦褰㈡垚鐨凨+闆�-鍖栧钩琛￠浕浣�

3銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� C

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 绲傛澘闆讳綅灞簬灞€閮ㄩ浕浣�

4銆�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� A

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 姘村垎瀛愮殑璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬪爆浜庡柈绱旀摯鏁�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� B

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� 姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑璺ㄨ啘杞�(zhu菐n)閬嬫槗鍖栨摯鏁�

銆愭纰虹瓟妗堛€� E

銆愮瓟妗堣В鏋愩€� Na+-H+浜ゆ彌灞簬绻肩櫦(f膩)鎬т富鍕曡綁(zhu菐n)閬�

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍″垵绱氳棩甯牷閬撻倓鐐哄ぇ瀹舵暣鐞嗕簡鍏朵粬2019骞村垵绱氳棩甯硣鏍艰€冭│绮捐彲鍌欒€冭硣鏂欙紝榛炴搳涓嬮潰鐨勬寜閳曞嵆鍙厤璨讳笅杓�锛�